What is the pathology of Parkinson's disease?

The pathology of Parkinson's disease is primarily characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, particularly those located in the substantia nigra, which is a vital area of the brain involved in the coordination of movement. This degeneration leads to a significant reduction in dopamine levels, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating motor control, mood, and other functions. The loss of dopamine-producing neurons contributes to the hallmark motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability.

Additionally, the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, known as Lewy bodies, is also associated with the disease and further influences neuronal health and function. Understanding this degeneration helps in the development of treatment strategies aimed at managing symptoms and improving the quality of life for individuals with Parkinson's disease.